Melasma is a chronic and recurrent condition characterized by hyperpigmented macules and patches on sun-exposed areas of the skin, primarily the face. It is mainly found in women, especially those with darker skin tones, and is frequently associated with hormonal changes brought on by pregnancy or birth control pill use. Genetic predisposition and solar exposure are important factors in the development of melasma. Although not hazardous to the body, this condition can significantly affect a person’s look and self-esteem, therefore knowledge and treatment are essential for maintaining good dermatological health.

The exact etiology of melasma is still unknown and complicated, involving a confluence of hormonal influences, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, genetic susceptibility, and other variables. It is essential to comprehend these etiological aspects in order to manage and treat patients effectively.

A diversified strategy that is based on the demands of each patient and the severity of their ailment is needed to treat melasma. Melasma can be managed with topical treatments, chemical peels, laser and light-based therapies, and oral drugs. To reduce recurrence, preventive measures are crucial, especially sun protection. Future studies into the etiology of melasma and the creation of fresh therapeutic approaches could result in more durable and efficient treatments for this difficult condition.